Origins
Roland released the MKS-20 in 1986 as a dedicated rackmount piano module. Unlike Roland's other MKS-series units (which were essentially rackmount versions of keyboard synthesizers), the MKS-20 focused exclusively on high-quality piano and electric piano sounds using Roland's new Structured/Adaptive Synthesis technology. It targeted professional keyboardists seeking realistic piano sounds without the expense and maintenance of acoustic instruments.
Design & Technology
The MKS-20 employs Roland's SAS (Structured/Adaptive Synthesis), an early physical modeling approach that analyzed acoustic instrument behavior and reproduced it through digital synthesis rather than sampling. This technology allowed greater expressiveness and smaller memory requirements than contemporary sample-based instruments.
Eight voices of polyphony support the internal sounds: acoustic grand, bright acoustic, honky-tonk, electric grand, two electric pianos, harpsichord, and clavinet. Each sound responds to velocity and aftertouch with sophisticated articulation modeling. The sounds became industry standards for digital pianos in the late 1980s.
Production History
Roland manufactured the MKS-20 from 1986 through the early 1990s. The instrument competed with the Yamaha DX7 electric piano sounds and early sample-based pianos. The MKS-20's sounds appeared in Roland's RD-1000 and subsequent digital pianos. While superseded by sample-based instruments with higher fidelity, the MKS-20's expressiveness remained appreciated.
Notable Users
The MKS-20 became a standard backup piano for touring professionals and a primary instrument for studios requiring reliable piano sounds. Its electric piano sounds in particular were widely used across pop, jazz, and R&B productions in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Cultural Impact
The MKS-20 demonstrated that synthesis—rather than sampling—could achieve musically satisfying piano sounds, influencing Roland's approach to digital piano development. Its SAS technology evolved into subsequent Roland physical modeling and advanced synthesis systems.
Market & Collectibility
MKS-20 modules command moderate prices, typically $300-$600 depending on condition. The instrument's specialized function limits appeal compared to more versatile synthesizers, but those seeking authentic late-1980s digital piano sounds value its distinctive character. The MKS-20 is a practical addition to vintage Roland collections rather than a centerpiece.